Activision-Blizzard September results reveals box sales paradigm
Activision-Blizzard released September quarter results yesterday. Most of the document is pretty dry and won't mean much to the majority of their devoted fans. They reaffirm the 11 million subscriber base of World of Warcraft and remind us that Guitar Hero's doing pretty well. Yeah, and they have an expansion coming up.
There is an interesting gem, however, to be found in their discussion of Wrath box sales:
"Revenues related to the sale of World of Warcraft boxed software, including the sale of expansion packs and other ancillary revenues will continue to be deferred and recognized ratably over the estimated customer life beginning upon activation of the software and delivery of the services."
That's a pretty packed statement. In summary, it means that the money Blizzard makes from selling the game box isn't immediately counted in their performance metrics at the time of sale. (There's no December "bump" to revenue directly from the 50ish dollars you pay for an expansion.)
Instead, they count the revenue gains throughout your customer lifetime. Doesn't sound like a big deal, does it? Let's talk about why that's such a significant notion.
First, this statement resoundingly debunks the occasional detracting statement that "They just want you to buy the game." While they do want you to do so, Blizzard's aim is to extend your customer lifetime -- they want you to be a long-term subscriber. Yeah, that does include your 15.00 a month, but that's not even the end result. They want you to have fun, and stick around for the whole ride.
Second, the value of box sales are vastly deprecated against your customer lifetime. Again, they want you to have fun and stick around. This is true to such a degree that they don't even count your box-sales money against their revenue, except as a bolster over the life of your subscription.
Of course, there's other reasons Activision-Blizzard measures box sales this way. It reduces fluctuation between quarters, because each quarter is resultingly comparable. (For example, "expansion quarters" would always be vastly more profitable than "non-expansion quarters." By valuating box sales over a customer lifetime, they keep each quarter relatively similar.)
It's important not to read too much into this, but it's still good information. It's a peek into some of the thought of what happens at Blizzard, and how they place value on their customers. Bottom line is they don't just want a lump sum, they want you around for the long haul. Hey, that's a good thing for us -- they're aiming to keep us entertained.
EDIT: And as many posters point out (and I should have made clear myself), this sort of thing is also part of GAAP, the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. This is why I said it was important not to read too much into this. However, I remain certain that the execution of this principle still supports Blizzard's interest in customer lifetime, not just single-point sales.
Filed under: Analysis / Opinion, Blizzard, News items
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Reader Comments (Page 2 of 3)
Netherscourge Nov 6th 2008 3:37PM
TRANSLATION:
Subscriber fees > Box Sales
If it came down to it, they' give you the client for FREE and just charge you the monthly subscription fee because that's where they rake in the money.
Archex Nov 6th 2008 3:45PM
No, they still want the cash up front. Read the posts from other CPAs (I'm a recovering CPA) above yours. They recognize the revenue on their income statement over time as that's GAAP, but trust me they love them some cash flow. Cash is king, especially in this economy today.
Lunedoree Nov 6th 2008 3:45PM
I'm an accountant. Blizzard don't get to choose how they account for their revenues, they are just following U.S. accounting regulations.
Basically, they have to account for the revenues as they give the service for it. The service is not given when they sell the CD but when you play the game.
So they probably estimate how long the average subscription is and account for the revenues gradually on their estimate.
justarb Nov 6th 2008 3:49PM
Out of interest, what's the "estimated customer life" period that they use?
lunedoree Nov 6th 2008 3:53PM
I don't think they make that information public, but I didn't read their financial statements.
Magdalen Nov 6th 2008 4:06PM
It is an estimate. The estimate is probably retrospectively reviewed on a regular basis. I would assume one to two years would be reasonable.
Khass Nov 6th 2008 3:52PM
This is interesting, thanks Michael/posters for the insight!
Gabe Nov 6th 2008 4:08PM
Maybe they are hiding a secret
Bruce Nov 6th 2008 4:17PM
"Second, the value of box sales are vastly deprecated against your customer lifetime"
I suspect you meant to type "depreciated" there, though really amortized would probably be a better choice.
Anyone else have any nits they would like picked? Same day picking service offered free!
Kevin Nov 6th 2008 4:37PM
This article is ridiculous. As many others have pointed out, this is standard accounting practice. Please don't write posts on something like this in the future unless you have someone at wowinsider that has an informed opinion.
Roger Nov 6th 2008 5:04PM
Another detail I can add (based on working for a major software company that sells retail box product ....) - if you add major featuers/content after the initial release of the product you are forced to choose the subscription revenue model. This is one of the reasons software developers don't add major new features to popular software product without thinking about the accounting impact on the financial statements....
Kyristrae Nov 6th 2008 5:29PM
It's sort of like an ENRON trick in accounting. You are supposed to report sales as they are earned in your accounting books. This is a new way of accounting which is totally in their favor. It gives way to a new type of protection that I'm coining:
BOT INSURANCE
Say a current quarter isn't going so well for them. All they have to do is round up all the accounts of known botting (they don't ban people immediately - they wait and ban a bunch together) and ban them before their financial quarter report - Thus terminating their accounts and realizing 100% depreciation which then becomes reportable revenue for Activision/Blizzard. Thus saving their asses for a quarterly report.
...totally unethical.
James Nov 6th 2008 5:37PM
That’s not how that works at all. Your first statement that they report sales as they are earned is correct that exactly what they are doing. Wow is a subscription service much like a magazine and follows the rules for recognizing that type of revenue. It wouldn’t be depreciation they would be recognizing by the way. Lastly can you honestly say that Blizz is going to have a problem with a quarterly report? Please don't talk about accounting procedure when you don’t know what you are talking about. There is nothing sinister about what they are doing here.
Magdalen Nov 6th 2008 5:43PM
Really?! Have you read what type of accounting ENRON did? ENRON recognized all of the revenue from multiyear contracts in the first year, claiming it was mark to market.
By terminating bots, Blizzard only shortens the estimated average life of a subscription, which affects the revenue recognized by box sales. Even if Blizard was in this practice, there has to be a HUGE number of bots for it to make a significant difference in the revenue recognized.
Morax Nov 6th 2008 6:19PM
So, you have to compare the revenue of 3rd and 4th quarter.
The difference between them is the mostly coming from the expansion. (call it D)
(D/11 million/3 months)=revenue of 1 month of 1 subscriber.
That will be less then the box-price of the expansion.
You can divide the boxprice with revenue of 1 month of 1 subscriber to see how many months Blizzard thinks we will play this game.
Akhilesh Nov 6th 2008 7:23PM
Thanks for the break down, really interesting stuff i must say. I like the caring aspect of it all. Im not one to bash blizz much and this article reaffirms that.
Ross Nov 6th 2008 8:39PM
For all the accountants out there, I believe its actually prescribed by SOP 97-2 (Software Revenue Recognition), due to the fact that Blizzard has expenses due to the purchase of the CD beyond the actual date of the purchase by you, they recognize the revenue associate ratably over the expenses. Its supports the principal of recognizing the revenue and associated expenses over the same time period, usually referred to as the timing principal. Don't know if IFRS has the same thing in terms of SOP 97-2 for all of the international people. There are ways companies get around this, for example Apple usually charges for software upgrades on many of their products somewhere between 1$ and 10$ such as the iPod touch. This allows them to recognize the revenue of the actual sale of the touch immediately and then declare that they are charging for the software upgrade later in the life of the product.
/Accounting Off
To the guy studying for the CPA exam in this thread, don't worry too much about it, people make a much bigger deal about the test than it really is. Just make sure you leave enough time for the simulations and you will be fine, and remember if you feel like you are doing horrendously, most likely everyone taking that iteration of the test is doing horrendously too. Ohh, make flash cards for tax as well, that helped me a ton with all the different facts you have to remember. Good Luck.
Rizz - CPA for a Big 4, though it don't mean much anymore
Scoobydruid Nov 6th 2008 9:22PM
Yup it's just GAAP. The cash flow from selling you the game is recognized immediately, but the sales (and therefore earnings) from the sale get spread out.
As a portfolio manager, I'm more interested in cash flow than earnings. Companies go bankrupt because they run out of money, not earnings.
Fortunately I own ATVI (Activision Blizzard) in my portfolios and it did great today! Woot!
Scoobydruid the PM
bugscawfey Nov 7th 2008 12:08AM
I'm surprised to see it take the CPAs 10 entries to mention GAAP and nearly 30 to metion the matching principle. For we laymen, the GAA principles are made by a national board who has been delegated the power from either Dept of Treasury, or Securities & Exchange. Matching has been explained above, but I'll give an example, periodical subscription income.
If you send off $24 to ZINE magazine, you will get 2 years of monthly issues. If the publisher recognized all of your money at the beginning, they'd have one big revenue month, and 23 loss months (printing, postage, lights n heat, and all that). So they set it up to have $1 month income against each monthly issue. If you are a Time-Warner or Tribune stockholder, you'll see something a tad more complicated in your annual report.
Activision-Blizz-Vivendi-whoever is doing the same thing with their CD. Your $70 collector edition might break down to $15 for Blizz, $20 for the distributor, and $35 for the retailer (I'm totally making these numbers up). If Blizz estimates a 2 and a half year customer life, that's 50 cents per month for mine, pluse the $14.95 subscription. Multiply by however many millions you want.
Although a lot of the cost of the DVD is up front (coding, testing, pressing, marketing, shipping) there are aftersale costs such as support and upgrading. I've just come off an 18 month temp job testing new firmware releases for a GPS manufacturer. If you see the build numbers jump quite a bit, that's because the ones you didn't see had major bugs. Some folk in Irvine are coding and testing. Some of this expense will be linked back to BC, some (esp for v3.x) will be costed to WotLK.
Shameless plug: 25-year bookkeeper (and 3 year WoW fan)wants work in Western Riverside or San Bernardino counties, CA. E-mail bugscawfey@yahoo.com
ryan Nov 7th 2008 12:11AM
*smack* it's Blizzard-Activision! *smack*