For 5-mans, you usually want the same glyphs as raiding. You have a little more freedom because losing a few dps doesn't matter much in 5-man.

For soloing, go for things that reduce mana costs and increase dps for spells you use all the time. Just be careful to look at the downsides. Frostbolt glyph will be horrible for soloing. Blast wave glyph will also not be so good for soloing. The knockback helps reduce damage you take from melee.

Evocation, water elemental (3-4 extra ticks of mana from him), fireball, and arcane blast are some of the good ones. Look at the full list of mage glyphs on wowhead. Then just choose ones that fit these ideas.

Exactly, even tho we can pick it from the article, i saw the category's and was like "i dont do this stuff yet, pass!" but i swallowed my assumption and read on. Us Casual's are here too! Dont forget about us!

Take evocation for soloing to and through 80. It's a terrific save-your-butt and also cuts downtime. Swap it out when and if you start raiding.

No idea what your definition of casual (that word needs to be put to death; there's no agreed meaning) is, but some raid completions currently take less time than a heroic 5-man clear. The Winterspring raid takes roughly eight minutes.

If by casual you mean "low level with lots of alts", pretty much just get a feel for what gear you want and you're golden. Low level mage, spellpower, int, stam and practice sheeping. All you need :)